Time - a linear measurement of our perception of the world. Most people would view time as the most simple of the diagrams that you see included with this article. To them time is a single sided strip which we are moving down. In this view however it would be easy(absurdly so) to travel time, visitting both the past and future. As we know, under current technology that is quite impossible. Why would this be so hard if time was linear? Because time is not linear. We percieve time linearly, but that is only our perception, probably not fact. i say that time has a moving twist. Like the twist in the second included figure, the twist can be anywhere. i state that the twist would be representative of our view of the present. One side of the strip represents the past - this is represented by the top of the strip to the left of the twist. The unseeable bottom of that side of the strip represent the possible futures that could have (and possibly did) happened. To the right of the twist is the future - unknown and so turned down so that we cannot view it. The top of the future side of the strip is blank to show the unlimited possibilities. The beginning of this strip is fixed - it is the beginning of life(or the universe, if you want to have a big picture), as well as the end - the end of the strip representing death. As i said earlier(or was it later? is time that linear?) the twist is moving, like a wave, down the strip. At any given period this SINGLE wave of the present can only move in a single direction. we cannot travel against the wave into the past, nor can we jump over the wave to view the future, which is hidden from us. This means that we cannot travel time in any way. But what of when the wave hits the end? Basic wave physics tells us the the wave will rebound from its endpoint, reversing the direction of travel. This undoes all of the events that occurred the first run, creating new ones. The movement will continue until the wave hits it's original startpoint, restarting the cycle. each time the wave reveses direction, a new "time" will result, with a different present and past being recorded. this cycle would be repeated until eventually the universe (multiverse?) absorbs all of the energy that keeps the wave in motion(again, basic wave physics, each rebound the wave will have less energy, and thus time will move slower after each rebound.) once the wave stops it's motion, time and the universe(multiverse?) would be destroyed. but there must be a better way to explain this, and there is. Enter the Möbius Strip. it has only one side and a single twist. again i will use the twist as our perception of the present. But on this strip the past and future touch! Is time travel possible because of this? NO! Because of this is why it is not possible. On the Möbius Strip the past and the future both depend on each other for survival. Events in the past influence the events in the future. Events in the future become the present and then the past. If you cut(change) the future then you will destroy the present. If you have no present then you will have no past. If you have no past then you will have no future... ad infinitum - due to the looping nature of the Möbius Strip. Its due to this looping nature that you cannot travel time. If you were to travel time and change it then you would be able to alter events. So could you go back and prevent the conception of your mother or father? NO! If you did that then you would cease to exist in your own time and would be unable to travel time. Why? - because when you cut off the past the future disappears. The laws of the universe cannot allow for tampering. The Möbius Strip cannot continue to exist if it is cut, and the same holds true for time. But however even this picture is not entire. Picture a Klien Bottle. A Klien Bottle is the three dimensional equivilent to the Möbius strip. Again you have a single surface along which all things move. On the surface of a Klien bottle you have an infinite amount of Möbius strips running, intersecting with each other. Think of each strip along the surface as an individual timeline(life). As each timeline intersects with others they bend and weave amoung each other to create the matrix of time. Now on a Klien bottle the limits(skin) of the bottle are the "present". The inside of the bottle represents the "past", which is ever increasing in size, expanding the present(the limits of the bottle). The outside of the bottle represents the "future", which is infinite. Now on a Möbius strip if you attempt to change the past you cut your strip, destroying your present and future. Because of the simplex nature of the Möbius strip, you can only destroy your own section of the strip, not the entire strip(at least in theoty, also in theory, you will simply cause the universe to cease to exist). Now the problem(or is it a high point?) of the Klien bottle version of time is that it offers infinite choices and combinations, which means that time is highly woven. If one were to go back and change time... All Hell would break loose. To change the past of one individual would start changing the pathes of many other individuals. This means that the present, which is highly dependent on the past, would start to unravel. With the present no longer serving as an effective barrier between the past and future, they would be able to intermingle. If the past and future are allowed to combine the present would cease to exist, since it would no longer be needed. Now earlier i stated that the present, past, and future cannot exist without each other(after all, the past caused what is going on in the present, and the future is the past yet to come). This means that if any of the three fails to exist, time will disappear. What happens if time itself were to suddenly fail to exist? If time were to cease to exist the Universe itself would suddenly fail to exist. But this is impossible, because our(or ttheir, or whoever's) Universe is simply a small part of a larger mass. Think of the Universe as a Möbius strip - it is a simple single item. However, like time, this is not accurate. Think back to the Klein bottle of time, which i said was comosed of an infinite series of Möbius strips. Well the same thing is happening with the Universes. Our own Universe is simply part of a much larger Multiverse. Now how can it be a Multiverse and not just a simple Universe? Quite easily. In a simple Universe you can only choose a single path out of an infinite number available. The problem with this is that if you choose a different path one time from another time when you have to make the same choice you can end up on a different path each time you make the same choice. Since each path chosen affects those around one differently each time one makes the same choice, and since each reaction by each person has an infinitely possible number of results, and each person affected will be affected differently each time, then there must be an infinite number of possible futures and pasts for each present, and there must be an infinite number of presents. You cannot hold an infinite number of pasts, presents, and futures in a single Universe. One might say to hold each present in its own bubble within the Universe, but thats not going to be seperate enough, for while each present may share bits of its past with another present, they may not share futures. If each future must be independent, then you must have a copy of the present for each of the inifinite possible which that present might create. Since you must keep each possible present and future seperate from the others you cannot possible house all the results in a single Universe. So how can this be solved? Take each of the infinite possible presents and place each single present in one of an infinite number of Universes. Hold all of these Universes in a single Multiverse. Niw the Multiverse has an infinite number if Universes each containing a timeline. In order to destroy the past, present, and future of a single universe you must also destroy all of the pasts, presents, and futures which are permenantly linked to the timeline you are trying destroy(change). The Multiverse will resist change. This resistance will work to prevent the destruction of any single Universe's timeline. If you cannot destroy any single timeline then you cannot destroy an infinite number of timelines, so the Multiverse survives. Now however you must balance the infinite Universes so that they share time and matter. This is accomplished with series of black, white, and grey holes. A black hole and white hole will always be paired, but never within the same Universe. A black hole is an inlet, sucking both time and matter from the universe its in, supposedly destroying all that it accepts. It isn't so much that it destroyed anything, only that it no longer exists in this Universe. In a different Universe is a white hole. This is an outlet of a black hole, throwing matter into a Universe in a Primal(that is to say simple) form. This Primal matter or time, as it may output either or both, then serves to become a template for the ocurances of the timeline into which the white hole outputs. Now a grey hole is different in several aspects. First off, grey holes only pair with other grey hole. The more unteresting difference is that items, such as people, animals, devices, etc., may pass through a grey hole pair unharmed. However, once something has gone through a grey hole, it is impossible to return through that same grey hole. This is because, similar to our black/white hole system, this is a one-way system. Now a person can travel an unlimited amount of times through a grey hole in their ORIGINAL direction, providing one can return to thier original Universe. Could one possibly go through a grey hole and find themselves? No. Each of the infinite pasts, presents, and futures can have only a single copy of any entity. Since this law holds for all points on a line, if one were to go through a grey hole, one would find that they are the only copy of themselves, and that before their emergence in their current Universe, there was no previous copy of themselves. This is another safety mechanism of the Multiverse. Since an individual entity cannot possible cross its own timeline in another Universe, time cannot be changed by travelling to different Universes. Now larger and smaller Universes must balance out. This may be done by adding more black, white or grey holes to a particular Universe. In a larger Universe you are going to have a greater number of black holes, each of which is sucking time and matter away from that Universe, each ending with its own white hole in any one of the Infinitely possible other Universes. Each Universe has its own inlets and outlets, some more then others. Since there are infinite possibilities for where each inlet and outlet are located, you can never be sure how to read them. Now for people in any particular Universe reading the past is easy. This is because the past has already happened. Now earlier it was stated that each possible past may have an infinite number of presents and each present an infinite number of possible futures. Well now for some fun. Each present may have only one past. Each of the infinite presents may share parts of the same past, but are completely seperate Universes. This means that with every choice made, a new Universe is created where that timeline may exist independent of all others. Now about a massive number of Universes make up a single Multiverse. How may this be expressed in maths? One starting point multiplied by an infinite number of paths (1 x inf = inf). Now you take that infinite number of paths (now known as the present) and multiply by an infinite number of new paths (inf x inf = inf squared). Now you take your new number of paths and multiply by the number of individual entities ( inf squared x inf = inf cubed). For each new level of choices you will multiply by a factor of INF. The final result of all that work can be expressed as (inf to the inf power). This represents the number of possible Universes in a given Multiverse. Quite large, isn't it? Actually (inf to the inf power) is an abstract, because nothing made by humans or any other being can possibly place numbers to match that idea. These ideasvare quite simple however. Now lets assume that each Multiverse is part of a much larger whole. This huge Multiverse (super- Multiverse?) must hold to similar rules as our simple multiverse. Inside the super-Multiverse you have (inf to the inf power) multiverses, each of which holds (inf to the inf power) universes. Now you have a very abstract number of (inf to the 2 x inf power). There is nothing to say that i am correct or incorrect in this matter, because the numbers i have discussed are beyond the range of any comprehension. I guess that is my entire point however. Because nothing of this can be proven right or wrong, then we must learn to understand our feelings on the subject, and most of all, we must not attempt to change Time! Pitr Neochaos 1-28-2002 editted and typed: 2-07-2002